مقدمة في نظم الري

Speaking of irrigation systems: In the era of the pharaohs, the Nile water was the focus of attention and care, so that they, with their most beautiful girls, were an offering to the Eternal River and a bride to the Nile on the Feast of Fulfillment. The Nile is facing a serious problem now, which is pollution resulting from turf in industrial and agricultural projects, as well as pollution from sewage.

It is the science of irrigation and drainage systems by which water is added to the soil in order to supply the plant with its water needs.

Thus, it controls the quantities of irrigation water used and the efficiency of its use.

The efficiency of the irrigation system depends on the proper management and operation of the irrigation system of any kind.

The agricultural use of water resources in Egypt is about 85%. Therefore, rationalizing irrigation water is an inevitable process to address the scarcity of irrigation water and the stability of Egypt’s share of the Nile water at 55.5 billion cubic meters annually despite the large increase in the population.

If we compare Egypt with the developed countries, we find that the per capita share of water in the developed countries exceeds the water poverty limit, which is 1000 cubic meters annually, while in Egypt it is less than 750 cubic meters annually, as well as the per capita share of agricultural land in the developed countries, is more than 1 acre, while it is about 0.1 acres in Egypt.

Therefore, Egypt has no choice but to reduce the population increase and rationalize the use of water by adopting advanced irrigation systems such as sprinklers and drip in new lands, which are difficult to use surface irrigation in, and increase water resources in the direction of desalinating sea water and using renewable energy from the sun and wind, as well as using nuclear energy to generate electricity.